We have put total 50 objective type question answers on pharmacognosy, you can practice these question answers for free. Cultures as sources of drugs, biological, marine, mineral and plant tissue classification of drugs. Microscopic evaluation of crude drugs linkedin slideshare. Pharmacognosy may also be referred to asstudy of sources, and chemical and physical properties of drugs. Microscopic evaluation of crude drugs pharmacognosy slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Pdf trease and evans pharmacognosy sixteenth edition.
Commerce in crude drugs like almost all other basic commodities, the trade in crude drugs is of great antiquity. Pharmacognostic study of crude drug by solutionpharmacy. Pharmacognosy the study of plants or other natural sources as a possible source of drugs. Fundamentals, applications and strategies explores a basic understanding of the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, their constituents and metabolites. Some useful products are obtained from minerals that are both organic and inorganic in nature. Difference between organized and unorganized crude drugs. Pharmacodynamicsa pharmacognosy perspective pharmacognosy of coccinia grandis. It provides the user with details about the medicinal usage of plants, which part of the plant will be useful, how to use it, etc.
Thus, in a contemporary context, pharmacognosy has become a multidisciplinary science of natural drugs and drug substances and it deals with medicinal plant cultivation, crude drug production, chemical. These various causes result in the production and supply of a number of undeliberately adulterated crude drugs, which include inferior, deteriorated, spoiled and admixed drugs. Sources of crude drug plant oldest source of drugs. Textbook of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry download. Crude drugs are unrefined medications in their raw or natural forms. History, definition, scope and development of pharmacognosy.
Natural allergens and photosensitizing agents and fungal toxins. Source of crude drugs are plant senna, opium, digitalis and clove, animal musk, honey, shark liver oil and mineral shilajit, talc, bentonite. The necessity for goods to be collected, graded, transported and distributed effectively has rarely been considered by the pharmacist as part of his or her remit and thus it has been left to the tradel or merchant to perform this. Specifically, this area encompasses the study of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins, phytosterols, and terpenoids that are derived from nature, and is inclusive of plants as well as marine and terrestrial microbes and animals.
Pharmacognosy difference between organized and unorganized crude drugs factors affecting cultivation. Pharmacognosy is the study about the physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological implications of natural products for medicinal or health benefit purposes. Methods of adulteration of crude drugs commonly used substitutes in adulteration evaluation for determining adulterants. Before 1925, london and amsterdam were the primary markets for drugs. Cultivation, collection and processing of herbal drugs. A crude drug may have official or unofficial status i. Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs derived from natural sources. Various methods for moisture determination are loss on drying, separation and measurement of moisture, chemical methods, electrometric methods, and spectroscopic methods as per ip.
Standardization and quality control of herbal drugs, who guidelines for the standardization of herbal drugs. Free download textbook of pharmacognosy by c k kokate. Classification of drugs of natural origin the most important natural sources of drugs are higher plant, microbes and animals and marine organisms. Books pharmacognosy ck kokate pdf pharmacognosypdf searches for. Pharmacognosy is the study of plants or other natural sources as a possible source of drugs.
Objectives on completion of this lesson, you would be able to know. Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry introduction part 1. Learn pharmacognosy with free interactive flashcards. Vegetative propagation can be defined as regeneration or formation of a new individual. The conditions and duration of cultivation required vary depending on the quality of medicinal plant materials required. An inferior drug is a substandard drug, which contains less quantity of the active principle. It forms an important part of pharmaceutical research and development. Pharmacognosy is the study of the proper horticulture, harvesting and uses of the raw medications found in nature raising, harvesting and selling crude drugs was how many large pharmaceutical companies started out. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. Adulteration and evaluation of crude drugs pharmacognosy unit 3rd. Crude drugs are the drugs, which are obtained from natural sources like plant. Cultivation of medicinal plants offers wide range of advantages over the plants obtained from wild sources.
The great mass oi crude drugs is drawn from the vegetab. Crude drugs are derived from any part or parts of plants. Actually, mineral sources can be also considered within the scope of pharmacognosy. In other words, pharmacognosy is described as systematic science of morphological, chemical, and biological properties along with history, cultivation, collection, extraction, isolation, bioassaying, quality control, and preparation of crude drugs of natural origin.
The organised crude plant drugs are again further divided into the following two groups according to position of the plants organs that constitute the crude drugs. Pharmacognosy plant biological source plant macroscope pharmacognosystudy of crud drugs medicinal plants and its use medicinal plants and its morphological medicinal plants and its uses is an android application. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Adulteration is as practice of substituting original crude drug partially or wholly with other similar looking substances, but the later is either free from or inferior in chemical or therapeutic properties. Pharmacognosy different systems of classification of crude drugs.
Textbook of pharmacognosy by ck kokate pdf free download. The american society of pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources. Arabian, bombay and mecca sennas obtained from wild plants of cassia angustifoliaresemble the leaflets of tinnevelly senna but are of brownishbrownish green color and somewhat more elongated and narrower. Pharmacognosy provides a thorough understanding of natural products from various sources. Classification of crude drugs alphabetical classification taxonomical classification morphological classification chemical classification pharmacological cla. Article received on abstract 31 july 2015, standardization of crude drugs is.
Up to date, many important drugs including morphine, atropine, galanthamine, etc. Analytical evaluation of herbal drugs anjoo kamboj chandigarh college of pharmacy, landran, mohali. Etymological evidences reveal that pharmacognosy refers to the knowledge from the greek gnosis of drug pharmacon substances. If the leaves of any datura stramonium sample contain less than 0. Pharmacognostic studies of crude drug a systemic study of a crude drug involves it,s description on following lines. Crude drugs and their constituents are commonly used as therapeutic agents. This book also provides an indepth look at natural sources from which medicines are derived, their pharmacological and chemical properties, safety aspects, and how they interact with humans. Morphological, chemical and pharmacological classification of drugs, taxonomical study of medicinally important plants belonging to the families with special reference to. Cultivation of medicinal plants requires intensive care and management. Pharmacognosy deals with the natural drugs obtained from organisms such as most plants, microbes, and animals. Prior to the 1950s, every pharmacy student learned about crude drugs in pharmacognosy class. In the present context pharmacognosy, since dioscoridess treatise, has spread its tentacles to investigations of a wider section of naturally. Click download or read online button to get textbook of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry book now. Apocynacae, papaveraceae, solanaceae, cruciferae, rutaceae, labiatae, graminae.
Determination of moisture content of crude drugs labmonk. Pdf preparation of crude drugs from medicinal plants. Drug discovery research in pharmacognosy 26 plant by ignorance, due to sim ilarity in the appearance, color, lack of knowledge may lead. It does not give an idea about biological source, chemical constituents and uses.
Can be distinguished microscopically from other senna by their vein islet number. D scheme for pharmacognostic studies of a crude drug. Pharmacognosy is the branch of knowledge concerned with medicinal drugs obtained from plants or other natural sources. Drugs from overground organs, which include all drugs that are derived from the overground or aerial parts or organs of plants. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, erhirhie oghenesuvwe earnest and others published preparation of crude drugs from medicinal plants find, read. The objective of ashing vegetable drugs is to remove all traces of organic matter, which may otherwise interfere in an analytical determination.
Introduction commerce in crude drugs pharmacognosy. There are few factors to concern which have a real effect on plant growth and development, nature and quantity of secondary metabolites. On incineration, crude drugs normally leave an ash usually consisting of carbonates, phosphates and silicates of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
Choose from 500 different sets of pharmacognosy flashcards on quizlet. Pharmacognosy as the study of the physical, chemical and biochemical biological properties of drugs, drug substance or potential drugs or drug substance of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural source. As most vegetable drugs contain all the essential food requirements for mould, insects and mites, deterioration can be very rapid, once infestation has taken place. Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry introduction part 1 page 15 commerce in drugs the commercial origin of a drug refers to its production and its channels of trade. Physical methods of drug evaluation your article library. Traditional medicine is also a part of pharmacognosy and most of the third world countries still depend on the use of herbal medicines.
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